De bij kanker optredende ongeremde groei en metastasering is het gevolg van genmutaties waardoor een evenwichtige verhouding van celproliferatie en celdood verloren gaat. De uitdrukking ‘doelgerichte therapie’ is in algemeen gebruik gekomen als omschrijving van behandeling met blokkerende antilichamen op celmembraanreceptoren of signaalroute-eiwitten die, indien ongeremd, cellen tot proliferatie dwingen. In die zin kan ook endocriene therapie als doelgerichte behandeling worden gezien.
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